SYSTEMS PSYCHOLOGY
AND SOCIOLOGY

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CURRENT RESEARCH OF LOW COGNITIVE TEMPO IN CHILDREN:

AN ANALYTICAL OVERVIEW

B. M. Kogan,

T. G. Kulikova,

MCU, Moscow

This work describes an analytical overview of contemporary world studies complex symptoms, United by the notion of low cognitive tempo (SCT, sluggish cognitive tempo). Currently, the syndrome of low cognitive tempo different researchers or is considered as one of the subtypes of Add (attention deficit disorder without Hyperactivity) or as a separate disorder, children with different diagnostic groups, and also children with normative development. SCT is characterized by the following manifestations: fixity on their views, often fantastic content, lightheaded, decreased motor activity, immobility, poludremotnoe status, etc. Neuropsychological analysis reveals the primarily the problems of maintaining optimum functional State (nejrodinamicheskij deficiency), reducing the speed of information processing and concentration. In the article, based on an analysis of world literature highlights the main indicators that separate symptom low cognitive tempo from the syndrome of hyperactivity with attention deficit (ADHD) already at pre-school age. A separate series of investigation revealed that \a low cognitive tempo is associated with a number of external correlates, including difficulties mastering the child training skills, the presence he has anxiety and or depression, difficulties in social communication with peers and adults. Submitted by analytical overview brings together existing research results at the moment, shows the need for SCT syndrome more detailed examination of the SCT, as a separate infringement, providing meaningful impact on learning processes and activities in all spheres of life, as well as highlights important areas for future research.

Keywords: low cognitive tempo; attention deficit disorder; attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity; Special psychology; Neuropsychology; nejrodinamicheskij deficiency; slowness; Dreaming awake; Inattentiveness; the speed of information processing; the concentration of attention; learning difficulties; depressivnost; anxiety; communication; social interaction and adaptation.

For citation: Kogan B. M., Kulikova T. G. Current research of low cognitive tempo in children: an analytical overview // Systems psychology and sociology. 2018. № 2 (26). P. 47–58.

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CONNECTIVITY AND SPEECH

T. G. Vizel,

Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis, Moscow

At present, the neuroscience section has received wide recognition, referred to as connectivity. It recognizes that the most important role in speech and cognitive development in general are the connections (conductors) that arise between different areas of the brain. Particular importance is given to the myelination of conductors.

Despite this, the issues of localized transformation, which occur with the consolidation of certain actions, are not considered. As a result, from the field of vision of neuroscience and defectology, the question of the brain organization of skills, and, first of all, speech skills, falls out. Meanwhile, there is reason to believe that skills are integrative units. They combine the functions of different brain zones, which are exempted from the need to participate in each consolidated act. Integrative essence of the skill allows to conclude that the entry into the site of damage zone of its localization leads to the decay (disintegration) of the skill into those constituent parts from which it formed. Thus, the concept of acquisition and disintegration of speech gets an innovative sound.

New ways of studying alalia (violation of the acquisition of speech) and aphasia (disintegration of speech) are opening up. There are also other approaches to correctional training, based on inter-zone connectivity algorithms.

Keywords: connectivity; skills; location; higher mental functions; speech; alalia; aphasia; integration; disintegration.

For citation: Vizel T. G. Connectivity and speech // Systems psychology and sociology. 2018. № 2 (26). P. 40–46.

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PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF PSYCHO-PEDAGOGICAL WORK

WITH FAMILIES HAVING HOMESCHOOLED CHILDREN

E. S. Romanova,

L. Yu. Ovcharenko,

O. V. Chibiskova,

MCU, Moscow

The article deals with the issues and prospects of psychological and pedagogical work with families having homeschooled children. There is no doubt that a system of education centred on the individual in order to effect on the child’s personality and identify all its unused resources and opportunities, strengthening its position in society is becoming particularly important in terms of contemporary science. Home-based training and education serves to the implementation of a self-paced plan of learning, giving the child the opportunity to work, to dose his educational demands not only during the day, but also throughout the week, allows to take into account the pace of the child, his performance, fatigue and other features.

The article dwells on the results of an extensive study to examine the social demands of Moscow families for the education system in the process of its modernization. It focuses on the analysis of the awareness of parents about family education, its main types and methods, and the level of the demand for such educational form. The findings indicate further conclusions and recommendations on the development of family forms of education. The author highlights the positive and negative aspects of family education and the main reasons for its development and promotion.

Keywords: students; family education; home education; socialization; systematic work with families.

For citation: Romanova E. S., Ovcharenko L. Yu., Chibiskova O. V. Problems and prospects of psycho-pedagogical work with families having homeschooled children // Systems psychology and sociology. 2018. № 2 (26). Р. 28–39.

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CULTURAL-HISTORICAL APPROACH TO THE DETERMINATION

OF THE NORMAL AND ABNORMAL CHILD MENTAL DEVELOPMENT

E. S. Slepovich,

A. M. Polyakov,

BSU, Republic of Belarus, Minsk

The article presents an analysis of the cultural-historical approach to distinguishing the normal and abnormal child mental development. It’s based on ideas by L. S. Vygotsky, A. R. Luria, D. B. Elkonin, B. V. Zeigarnik, V. I. Lubovsky and their followers about the zone of proximal development, the role of cultural factors in development, the systemic structure of consciousness, the structure of age, the psychological structure of the defect. This approach differs from the traditionally allocated statistical, adaptive, cultural-relativistic, positive (humanistic), negative approaches. Correspondence of mental development to various socio-cultural patterns (models) is considered as a key criterion for norm. The norm of development is understood as an ideal image or project that represents the actual state and possible prospects for the development of a particular child in certain sociocultural conditions. The correspondence of the child’s mental development to the age norms meets the requirements of socialization. The assessment of the correspondence of the child’s mental development to the age norm includes the definition of its dynamics, unique opportunities and limitations in the context of specific sociocultural conditions, the specifics of the systemic interaction of mental functions and the structure of the defect. The possibilities of applying the cultural-historical approach to the definition of normal and abnormal development in the sphere of psychological care for children with developmental disabilities (for example children with learning disabilities) are analyzed. Among the advantages of using the approach in the study and diagnosis of abnormalities of mental development it is noting the possibilities of revealing not only its limitations, but also its potential, assessing the impact of existing disorders on various spheres of activity, the system interaction of sane and impaired functions, and the qualitative specificity of the psychic development in a particular child. This is especially important take into consideration when working with children with mild and combined developmental disorders.

Keywords: cultural-historical approach; normal mental development; abnormal mental development; sociocultural model; zone of proximal development; learning disabilities.

For citation: Slepovich E. S., Polyakov A. M. Cultural-historical approach to the determination of the normal and abnormal child mental development // Systems psychology and sociology. 2018. № 2 (26). P. 18–27.

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PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ADOLESCENTS WITH HIGH LEVELS OF COMPUTER ADDICTION

E. S. Romanova, S. B. Shubin,

MCU, Moscow

L. I. Gladar, M. V. Kurasov.

School № 1021, Moscow

The purpose of this article is to indicate some specific psychological aspects of the personality in adolescents with higher levels of computer addiction and another purpose is also to clarify the psychological criteria for the term «Computer/ game addiction». This study examined 142 adolescents aged 13–16 years and 30 students of them having high levels of computer addiction were selected for the experimental group through testing for computer addiction who play video games and use social networks on a regular basis an average 49 hours per week. The results showed that adolescents with computer addiction have some certain psychological aspects, it means that they have signs of emotional instability and a low rate of courage and adventurism, they also show a shyness, they are very dependent on others, tend to reduced self-control and self-discipline; have a low rate of empathic abilities and self-esteem, a low level of social activity with adequate and fairly high social expectations.

The conducted testing and a focus group research clarified the diagnostic criteria for computer addiction.

In fact, according to the results of the study the most distinguishing features of computer addiction are: the time, spending on video games and social networks ( from 35 to 50 hours per week); constantly thinking and worry about a game process and/ or the process of activity in the social networks, being far outside the computer;a control disorder over the game or visiting social networks; a feeling of discomfort associated with social anxiety when communicating is outside the network; a negative impact on educational activity and other spheres of life, while maintaining a capability to use video games and/ or social networks at the same time.

Keywords: computer addiction; diagnostic criteria; psychological features of personality; computer virtual space; video games; social network; adolescents.

For citation: Romanova E. S., Shubin S. B., Gladar L. I., Kurasov M. V. Psychological features of adolescents with high levels of computer addiction // Systems psychology and sociology. 2018. № 2 (26). P. 5–17.

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CONTENTS #25

Psychological researches

Valyavko S. M., Staroverova M. S. Voluntary Regulation in Preschoolers with Disabilities in the Context of Psychological Counselling

Shamshikova O. A., Klepikova N. M., Taygulova G. S. Psychometric Analysis of the Questionnaire «Diagnostics of Self-Consciousness Forms» by Z. Zaborowski and A. Oleszkiewicz

Ponomareva E. A., Ponomareva D. I., Afonskaya T. A. The Features of Personal Determination and Correction of the Aggressiveness in Adolescents

Shulekina Ju. A Polycode Text Comprehension in Preschoolers

Romanova E. S., Abushkin B. M. Psychological Councelling for Adolescents in Situations of Their Professional Choice

History of psychology and psychology of history

Ryzhov B. N. The Psychological Age of Civilization: the XIV Century, the North Renaissance

Ivanov D. V., Galyuk N. A. Psychological Idea in Russia in the XIII Century: to Origins Basic Ideas about Human Potential, His Struggle and Labor

Bershedova L. I., Nabatnikova L. P. A Psychological Aspect of a Family in Kuprin’s Destiny and Creative Activity

Sociological researches

Lenkov S. L., Matsyuk T. B. Comparative System Analysis of the Phenomena of Volunteerism and Volunteering

Yudina E. N., Moroz N. A. The Category «Lifeworld» in Sociology and Literature

Information

Authors of the Journal «Systems Psychology and Sociology», 2018, № 1 (25)

Author Guidelines

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«SYSTEMS PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY» AUTHORS, 2018, № 1 (25)

ROMANOVA Evgeniya Sergeevna — doctor of psychology, full professor. Director of the Institute of Psychology, Sociology and Social Relations at the Moscow City University. Head of the department of General and Practical Psychology at IPSSR at the Moscow City University. Honorary Teacher of the Russian Federation, Honorary Worker of Higher Professional Education of the Russian Federation. Laureate of the President of the Russian Federation Education Award in 1998. Laureate of the Russian Federation Government Education Award in 2009. Honorary Professor of the Moscow City University, member of the Presidium of Educational and Methodological Consolidation of the Universities of the Russian Federation. Honorary Worker of Higher School of the Russian Federation. E-mail: RomanovaES@mgpu.ru

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THE CATEGORY OF ‘LIFEWORLD’ IN SOCIOLOGY AND LITERATURE

E. N. Yudina,

N. A. Moroz,

MTTSU, Moscow

The article is concerned with the concept of lifeworld, its interpretations and specifics of use in contemporary sociological concepts. According to the authors, lifeworld is a reality, which is not artificially created or externally imposed, it functions naturally. Its existence is obvious and unquestionable. The phenomenon of lifeworld originated long before a man attempted to rationalise and describe it. The notion of lifeworld is not limited to the category of natural world. This world has the common structure of scientific and ordinary phenomena, which includes historical and social experience of humanity and also its past, present and future. This concept is a complex of individual’s objective and subjective understanding of reality, social processes and natural phenomena. It is based on human interaction and accounts experience and knowledge gathered by previous generations.

The authors suggest that the category of lifeworld can be applied to analyze literary works. In the context of L. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” the main representations of this term proposed by sociologists and special aspects of its interpretation by L. Tolstoy are compared. The authors come to the conclusion that the concept of lifeworld consists not only of daily routine, but it also includes the complex of senses of human existence and communication in the society. The analysis of the epoch of the War of 1812 in L. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” demonstrates specifics and differences of the lifeworld of social classes in Russia in the early 19th century and its transformation under the influence of war and post-war period.

Keywords: sociology of everyday life; lifeworld; everyday life; daily routine; sense of life; social communication; L. Tolstoy; War and Peace.

For citation: Yudina E. N., Moroz N. A. The category of ‘lifeworld’ in sociology and literature // Systems psychology and sociology. 2018. № 1 (25). P. 110–118.

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COMPARATIVE SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF THE PHENOMENA

OF VOLUNTEERISM AND VOLUNTEERING

S. L. Lenkov,

ISCFE RAE, Moscow,

T. B. Matsyuk,

ISCFE RAE, Moscow, TI MHEU, Tver

The article presents the results of a comparative system psychological analysis of the phenomena of volunteerism and volunteering. The analysis is performed with a multidisciplinary position and is based on the results of studies of these phenomena in the framework of psychology, sociology, pedagogy, cultural studies and Economics.

In accordance with the metasystem principle analysis was applied to metasystem, structural, functional, genetic and integrative aspects. For each of these aspects is highlighted the system-wide criteria for comparison of the studied phenomena. Performed specification and detail of these criteria, which highlighted a number of specific criteria that helped to identify the symptoms of both the broad similarity of the phenomena of volunteering and volunteerism, and some of their qualitative differences. In particular, it was found that the phenomenon of volunteerism is different from the phenomenon of volunteering earlier historical time of occurrence and, accordingly involvement in historically more long-standing socio-cultural tradition of domestic and some other countries (e.g., France). For volunteering, in contrast to volunteerism, in relation to an individual characteristic: an active form of participation, with priority given to the joint nature of its manifestations; a relatively wide sphere of influence activity to its organization and itsrelatively broad normative value and meaning, and the requirement of motivational Foundation. However, the system identified the sources of the broad similarity of the phenomena of volunteering and of volunteering, including target implementation of the basic needs of man and society in altruism, scoring high social importance of these phenomena and their ability to manifest as the basic subsystems of social communities, social activity and mental representation.

The overall conclusion of the study is that the actual sinonimizat concepts of volunteering and volunteerism that exist in modern scientific literature, not the real, objective non-identity of the relevant phenomena. The proposed provisions clarifying the essence of the phenomena of volunteerism and volunteering, as well as the definitions of the relevant scientific concepts.

Keywords: volunteerism; volunteering; volunteerism activities; volunteer activities; the system psychological analysis; the metasystem principle.

For citation: Lenkov S. L., Matsyuk T. B. Comparative system analysis of the phenomena of volunteerism and volunteering // Systems psychology and sociology. 2018. № 1 (25). P. 95–109.

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PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT OF A FAMILY

IN KUPRIN’S DESTINY AND CREATIVE ACTIVITY

L. I. Bershedova,

L. P. Nabatnikova

MCU, Moscow

In the article the light is focused on the problems of moral and spiritual achievements and transformation of personhood basing on exploration of real story of life and oeuvre of the talented writer A. I. Kuprin whose life years have come to the time of dramatic social-historical cataclysms of the first triens of the 20th century.

Psychological understanding of personal and creative image of A. I. Kuprin is built on the analysis of his emotional and social world in the domain of family, society, epoch, exploration of complex and comprehensive diversity of his attitude to himself, to people and oeuvre on different stages of his life. Application in the investigation of biographical method as the alternative of getting into hidden sources of personality transformations allows on the one hand enveloping in common logics the writer’s brightest life situations, meaningful, trustworthy relationships and images of childhood, his emotional stresses and shocks, love and disappointments, life-changing events of his adulthood and сreative success, and on the other hand it allows building on this basement the causative-consecutive range of formation of A. I. Kuprin’s moral-spiritual stand as well as his actual perceptions of himself, family, life and implementation thereof in his oeuvre and in building-up of his own destiny.

Considerable attention is paid to Kuprin’s meaningful life periods in this article. The most important issue to emphasize here is the period of his childhood, which social situation of development is set by peculiarities of the family structure, its social status, financial standing, emotional atmosphere of child-parental relations, content of moral-ethical requirements. The time of building-up the own family during the first marriage reflects complex emotions of love and suffer, creative success and growth of readiness to change the life.

Love as the event comes to the writer during his second marriage and it changes the palette of his emotional world and the content of his oeuvre, which is centralized and focused on “life enlightening” feeling of love.

Social cataclysms are the source of the writer’s severe disappointments and refusal of new reality that results finally to immigration. The last life-stage of the writer is full of stress, internal disorder and nostalgia for his home country. Complex mix of feelings, events, relationships and disappointments in life and destiny of A. I. Kuprin give to the writer’s prose the unfading freshness and are the source of development of remarkable acumen that allows penetrating the inward of different people, the mystery of love to a woman, to a human and to the motherland.

Keywords: family; system; family values; marriage and family choice; love; emigration; personality; biographical method.

For citation: Bershedova L. I., Nabatnikova L. P. A psychological aspect of a family in Kuprin’s destiny and creative activity // Systems psychology and sociology. 2018. № 1 (25). P. 88–94.