SYSTEMS PSYCHOLOGY
AND SOCIOLOGY

  Просмотров: 244

CONTENTS

Theory and Method of Systems Psychology

Ryzhov B. N., Kotova O. V. Eidetic image from the perspective of systems psychology (with translation into English)

Psychological Researches

Preuss F., Perevozkina Yu. System analysis of role socialization in the youth environment

Romanova E. S., Abushkin B. M. Psychological diagnostics as a tool for building students of their own image

Sheinov V. P. Personal properties of college students dependent on smartphone

Valyavko S. M., Volodina O. Yu. Peculiarities of verbal communicative skills of preschoolers with autism disorders

Kurylenko L. V., Kiseleva A. A. The system of formation of information and analytical competence of pharmaceutical specialists

Lemesh V. V. The system of ideas about the old person among social workers at the initial stages of professional development

Yanysheva V. A., Senkevich L. V. The questionnaire «The experience of existential crisis»: a short version

History of Psychology and Psychology of History

Kormacheva I. N., Dontsov D. A., Mashkova L. A. The influence of J. Kuhl’s system ideas on Soviet and Russian psychology of will

Information

Authors of the Journal «Systems Psychology and Sociology», 2021, № 1 (37)

Author Guidelines

  Просмотров: 405

UDC 159.9

DOI 10.25688/2223-6872.2021.37.1.9

THE INFLUENCE OF J. KUHL’S SYSTEM IDEAS

ON THE SOVIET AND RUSSIAN PSYCHOLOGY OF WILL

I. N. Kormacheva,

PC “Iris”, Novosibirsk,

irina@kormacheva.ru,

D. A. Dontsov,

MSU, Moscow,

dontsov-junior@bk.ru,

L. A. Mashkova,

MSU, Moscow,

la.mashkova@gmail.com

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of J. Kuhl’s system ideas on the Soviet and Russian psychology of will. The approaches to understanding the will, as well as the works of native researchers who have dealt with the problems of the will, are analyzed. It is shown how the concept of J. Kuhl can contribute to the resolution of contradictions that have developed in psychological science regarding approaches to the interpretation of the will.

The article presents the stages of the formation of J. Kuhl’s theoretical views on the psychology of will. It is noted that in the concept of J. Kuhl, the psyche is considered as a system. In his works, the volitional sphere is a system aimed at achieving results. From the point of view of J. Kuhl’s theory, the implementation of control for the action depends on the coordinated work of subsystems aimed at keeping the intention in an active state under favorable conditions and stopping the activity in unfavorable ones.

The research analyzes the contribution of J. Kuhl’s innovative ideas to the development of differential psychology. It is noted that the concept of volitional regulation contributes to the understanding of the reasons underlying the receipt of different results of activity, provided that there are the same goals, means of activity and the desire to succeed. The paper considers the mechanisms by which the intention is implemented until the desired result is achieved. The article describes the influence of J. Kuhl’s theory on modern research aimed at studying the problem of volitional regulation of behavior. The analysis of the methodology developed by J. Kuhl on the basis of original theoretical ideas about the nature of will is carried out. The article considers the prospects and possibilities of using the “Action Control” questionnaire in modern diagnostic practice.

Keywords: J. Kuhl; system ideas; volitional regulation; mechanisms of volitional regulation; control over action; differential psychology; system approach; motivational approach; “free choice” approach; regulatory approach.

For citation: Kormacheva I. N., Dontsov D. A., Mashkova L. A. The influence of J. Kuhl’s system ideas on the Soviet and Russian psychology of will // Systems Psychology and Sociology. 2021. № 1 (37). P. 109–120. DOI: 10.25688/2223-6872.2021.37.1.9

Kormacheva Irina Nikolaevna, Head of the Psychological Center “Iris”, Novosibirsk, Russia.

E-mail: irina@kormacheva.ru

ORCID: 0000-0001-9208-0922

Dontsov Dmitry Alexandrovich, PhD in Psychology, Associate Professor of the Department of Methodology of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

E-mail: dontsov-junior@bk.ru

ORCID: 0000-0003-4161-5039

Mashkova Larisa Aleksandrovna, PhD in Philology, Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

E-mail: la.mashkova@gmail.com

ORCID: 0000-0002-7877-5418

  Просмотров: 373

UDC 159.9.07

DOI 10.25688/2223-6872.2021.37.1.8

THE QUESTIONNAIRE “THE EXPERIENCE OF EXISTENTIAL CRISIS”:

a short version

V. A. Yanysheva,

IIPPAD, Moscow,

v_yanisheva@mail.ru,

L. V. Senkevich,

RSSU, Moscow,

lvsenkevich@mail.ru

The article is devoted to approbation of a short version of the methodology “The experience of existential crisis”. The need to create a diagnostic tool that allows you to obtain reliable information about the psychological state of the client in a short time determines the purpose of this work. The individual life path of each person is a time continuum filled with conflicting desires, conflicting ideas, the need for meaningful existence, which together creates existential difficulties for a person. The search for answers to existential questions can transform into insurmountable existential problems and be accompanied by a special uncomfortable psychological state — an existential crisis.

The developed short version of the methodology “The experience of existential crisis” consists of 36 statements grouped into 6 scales, which were selected from 10 scales of the full version of the questionnaire: dissatisfaction with oneself; dissatisfaction with your present; meaninglessness of social connections; loneliness; insecurity; despair, suffering and guilt.

The obtained correlation coefficients of each statement with the score of its scale (from 0,428 to 0,815, p ≤ 0,001) indicate the homogeneity of the questionnaire. The correlation coefficients of the same scales from the short version and the full one of the questionnaire (from 0,899 to 0,970, p ≤ 0,001) indicate the almost complete identity of the two versions. Spearman’s correlation coefficients (from 0,846 to 0,937, p ≤ 0,001) confirm retest reliability. The α-Cronbach coefficients on each scale (from 0,725 to 0,872, p ≤ 0,001) confirm the internal consistency of the questionnaire. The correlation coefficients of the scales of the short version and the scales of the test of meaningful life orientations (from –0,432 to –0,695, p ≤ 0,001) indicate convergent validity. The number of points on all scales among respondents means low existential crisis. The short version can be used for diagnostic purposes, in particular, to determine the psychological state of the client before starting a psychotherapeutic course and after passing it.

Keywords: existential crisis; existential experiences; existential problems; meaning sphere; meaning of life.

For citation: Yanysheva V. A., Senkevich L. V. The questionnaire “The experience of existential crisis”: a short version // Systems Psychology and Sociology. 2021. № 1 (37). P. 95–108. DOI: 10.25688/2223- 6872.2021.37.1.8

Yanysheva Vera Aleksandrovna, PhD in Psychology. Director of International Institute of Psychology and Psychotherapy of the Auto-order Direction, Moscow.

Е-mail: v_yanisheva@mail.ru

ORCID: 0000-0001-8391-5254

Senkevich Lyudmila Viktorovna, PhD in Psychology, Assoc. Prof. Associate Professor of the Department of Social, General, and Clinical psychology, Russian State Social University, Moscow.

Е-mail: lvsenkevich@mail.ru

ORCID: 0000-0001-8147-7692

  Просмотров: 356

UDC 159.9.07

DOI 10.25688/2223-6872.2021.37.1.7

THE SYSTEM OF IDEAS ABOUT AN OLD PERSON AMONG SOCIAL WORKERS

AT THE INITIAL STAGES OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

V. V. Lemish,

Dostoevsky OmSU, Omsk,

verlem2004@yandex.ru

In the article, the system of ideas about an old person is considered to be a key aspect of the interaction of a social worker with a client, which sets the direction and nature of professional actions, which ultimately determine the effectiveness of social work. The aim of the research is to analyze the content of ideas about old people. The research uses the author’s psychosemantic methodology aimed at assessing the system of psychological manifestations: cognitive, affective, regulatory, communicative and personal.

The respondents, social workers, were at different stages of professional development: students (adepts) and social workers starting their labor activity (adapters). The total number of subjects is 80. Among them: 40 people — students of 2–4 courses of the direction “Social work” aged from 19 to 24 years; 40 people — employees of complex centers of social services for the population with a professional experience of no more than 5 years aged from 26 to 32 years. It was revealed that the image of an old person in both groups of respondents is heavily loaded with negative connotations, which indicates a significant influence of old age stereotypes on the formation of the system of ideas. It is quite stable, especially when it touches upon the ideas about personal and communicative qualities. At the same time, direct involvement in professional activity contributes to a partial transformation of the system of ideas about an old person in the positive direction. The most significant changes have occurred in the perception of an old person’s ability to regulate his behavior. In general, changes in the system of ideas about an old person are associated not only with an increase in positive assessments, but also with softening of negative ones: social workers are less categorical in their negative assessments of an old age.

Keywords: systematic approach; presentation system; an old man; students; Social worker; professional development.

For citation: Lemish V. V. The system of ideas about an old person among social workers at the initial stages of professional development // Systems Psychology and Sociology. 2021. № 1 (37). P. 81–94. DOI: 10.25688/2223-6872.2021.37.1.7

Lemish Vera Vasilievna, PhD in Psychology, Assoc. Prof. Associate professor at the Department of Social Work, Pedagogy and Psychology of the Dostoevsky Omsky State University, Omsk, Russia.

E-mail: verlem2004@yandex.ru

ORCID: 0000-0001-7165-5248

  Просмотров: 398

UDC 159.9.07

DOI 10.25688/2223-6872.2021.37.1.6

THE SYSTEM OF FORMATION OF INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL

COMPETENCE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SPECIALISTS

L. V. Kurilenko,

Samara University, Samara,

srludmila@mail.ru,

A. A. Kiseleva,

Samara University, Samara,

natlya@yandex.ru

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the relationship between the components of the formation of information and analytical competence of pharmaceutical specialists system in the process of professional development. Today, professional activity is a space for personal development. The realization of professional and psychological potential leads to an increase of the efficiency of professional activity, which makes it necessary to form the professional competence of specialists.

The article presents the results of the study of two groups of pharmaceutical specialists, who at the initial stage of professional development showed a uniform development of competence level. The first is an ascertaining group, consisting of 232 specialists, which was trained according to the existing methodology of the training course program, without the use of innovative technologies. The second a forming group, numbering 236 specialists, was trained in the new technology. The blended learning method was selected and tested for the new requirements. This method combines the classical form of face-to-face training with elements of e-learning through the use of information technology: dialogue simulators, graphic cases and other interactive exercises. As one of the training tools, the algorithm “Location in the pharmacological group”, which allows to increase the level of information and analytical competence was used.

During the study of the components of the system for the formation of information and analytical competence, significant links between the technologies used in the learning process and the level of formation of information and analytical competence were established. The results obtained indicate that the blended form of education, combining the classical form of full-time education with elements of e-learning, contributes to the most successful development of information and analytical competencies. The data of the study confirm the need for further modernization of professional development programs for pharmaceutical specialists.

Keywords: system of formation of information and analytical competence; interconnection of components; training; pharmaceutical specialists; learning efficiency; information Technology; blended learning; quality of knowledge.

For citation: Kurilenko L.V., Kiseleva A. A. The system of formation of information and analytical competence of pharmaceutical specialists // Systems Psychology and Sociology. 2021. № 1 (37). P. 70–80. DOI: 10.25688/2223-6872.2021.37.1.6

Kurilenko Lyudmila Vasilievna, Dr. Sci. (Pedagogy), Prof. Head of the Department of Theory and Technology of Social Work, Samara National Research University, Samara, Russia.

E-mail: srludmila@mail.ru

ORCID: 0000-0001-8602-0659

Kiseleva Anna Aleksandrovna, Post-graduate student of the Department of Theory and Technology of Social Work of the Samara National Research University, Samara, Russia.

E-mail: natlya@yandex.ru

ORCID: 0000-0003-3794-1958

  Просмотров: 387

UDC 159.9.07

DOI 10.25688/2223-6872.2021.37.1.5

PECULIARITIES OF VERBAL COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS

OF PRESCHOOLERS WITH AUTISM DISORDERS

S. M. Valyavko,

MCU, Moscow,

valyavko@yandex.ru,

O. Yu. Volodina,

MGPPU, Moscow,

saint_olga@list.ru

The article is devoted to the study of the features of verbal communication skills of preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder. The article reveals the essence and component composition of verbal communication skills in senior preschool children with childhood autism in comparison with their peers who have speech underdevelopment of primary genesis. Understanding the characteristics of communication and speech disorders in children with autism helps to determine the priority areas of correctional work.

The study was conducted on the basis of CRID “Our Sunny World” in the period from October 2019 to February 2020. The study involved children aged 5 to 7 years old with an established diagnosis of autism, not burdened with mental retardation. As a comparative group children attending classes on the development of speech in CRID “Our Solar World” and having a general speech underdevelopment of the III level were taken. Their level of speech development was closely related to the level of children from the childhood autism group.

The results of the research showed that speech retardation in children with autism has similarities with speech retardation in children without autism. At the same time, the communication skills of children with autism spectrum disorders significantly lag behind their level of speech development. The level of development of communication skills in children with autism is significantly lower than that in children with general speech underdevelopment of the III level, while the indicators of speech development of children from the group with autism slightly exceed the indicators of children with general speech underdevelopment from the target sample. The study revealed a direct link between the assessment of the communication and speech skills of children with autism: the lower the indicators of the communicative competencies of children with autism, the lower their speech skills.

Keywords: verbal communication skills; social skills; speech skills; childhood autism; general speech underdevelopment.

For citation: Valyavko S. M., Volodina O. Yu. Peculiarities of verbal communicative skills of preschoolers with autism disorders // Systems Psychology and Sociology. 2021. № 1 (37). P. 61–69. DOI: 10.25688/2223-6872.2021.37.1.5

Valyavko Svetlana Mikhailovna, PhD in Psychology, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Special Psychology and Psychological and Social Technologies of the Institute of Special Education and Psychology of the Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia.

E-mail: valyavko@yandex.ru

ORCID: 0000-0001-7195-6374

Volodina Olga Yurievna, tutor of the federal resource center for the organization of comprehensive support for children and adolescents, Moscow State Psychological and Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia.

E-mail: saint_olga@list.ru

ORCID: 0000-0002-7332-7173

  Просмотров: 442

UDC 159.9.07

DOI 10.25688/2223-6872.2021.37.1.4

PERSONAL PROPERTIES OF COLLEGE STUDENTS DEPENDENT

ON SMARTPHONE

V. P. Sheinov,

NIHE, Minsk,

Republic of Belarus,

sheinov1@mail.ru

The article is devoted to the study of personal characteristics of medical college students’ dependent on the smartphone. For many people, especially teenagers, boys and girls, the smartphone is an integral part of everyday life. Because of the constantly focused attention on the smartphone its active users cannot fully study, establish relationships with others and, in general, live a full life.

The negative consequences of smartphone addiction include psychological, behavioral and self-efficacy problems in victims of this addiction. Smartphone addiction has been linked to attention deficit disorder, hyperactivity disorder, depression, anxiety and stress. This dependence makes it difficult for students to adapt to student life, leads to academic delays, constant lack of sleep and health problems.

The paper uses the author’s methods for assessing smartphone addiction, assertiveness, vulnerability from cyberbullying, and well-known questionnaires of procrastination and shyness. The article shows that smartphone addiction in medical college students is positively associated with procrastination, shyness, insecurity from cyberbullying, and negatively — with assertiveness and good mood. All addictions, except the connection with procrastination, are linear, and the connection with procrastination is non-linear. The girls’ smartphone dependence differs from the general sample only that all connections are linear. In young men, smartphone addiction is positively connected with shyness, insecurity from cyberbullying, and negatively — with assertiveness and good mood, but there is no association with procrastination. All addictions, except the relationship with mood, are linear, and the relationship with mood is non-linear.

In the Russian-speaking society the results obtained generally repeat the connection of smartphone addiction identified in foreign studies with shyness, cyberbullying, assertiveness and mood. However, no links were found between smartphone addiction and problems with sleep and deteriorating health of students, as well as with procrastination in young men.

Keywords: smartphone addiction; procrastination; shyness; cyberbullying; assertiveness; mood; girls; young men; students; college.

For citation: Sheinov V. P. Personal properties of college students dependent on smartphone // Systems Psychology and Sociology. 2021. № 1 (37). P. 50–60. DOI: 10.25688/2223-6872.2021.37.1.4

Sheinov Viktor Pavlovich, Doctor of Sociological Sciences, PhD in Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, professor at the Department of Psychology and Pedagogical Mastery of the Republican Institute of Higher Education, Minsk, the Republic of Belarus.

E-mail: sheinov1@mail.ru

ORCID: 0000-0002-2191- 646X

  Просмотров: 608

UDC 159.9.07

DOI 10.25688/2223-6872.2021.37.1.3

PSYCHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS AS A TOOL

FOR BUILDING STUDENTS OF THEIR OWN IMAGE

E. S. Romanova,

MCU, Moscow,

RomanovaES@mgpu.ru,

B. M. Abushkin,

MCU, Moscow,

AbushkinBM@mgpu.ru

The article is devoted to the use of psychological diagnostics as a tool for students’ building their image. The educational program, which involves training students on the formation of their own image in order to increase personal competitiveness, is based on diagnostic and developmental work using valid psychological tests. As part of the approbation of the program of work with students, testing was conducted in order to build evaluation characteristics formed on the results obtained. Self-assessment of personal potential was carried out by students on the basis of ranking the measured personal qualities according to the degree of their compliance with the self-image, as well as on the basis of assessing the level of expression of personal qualities in the context of ensuring competitiveness. The primary factors were generalized into integral factors characterizing the real level of development of students’ personal potential. Oxford Personality Analysis test (Oxford capacity analysis test) was used as a control diagnostic tool for students’ understanding of their personal potential.

Materials presented in the article are the continuation of the scientific generalization of the practice of forming the competitiveness of students.4 The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the preliminary and subsequent diagnostics after discussing the initial individual results. According to the obtained data, diagnostic and developmental work with students contributes to the growth of individual results in the field of high values (from 0.7 to 1 on a relative scale). The performed research shows that the use of the cross-analysis method allows each student to obtain objective information about their personal profile, i. e. helps realize the level of personal qualities development which is necessary for the formation of competitiveness.

Keywords: personal performance; image; personality; personal potential; self-esteem; self-expression; psychological diagnostics; students.

For citation: Romanova E. S., Abushkin B. M. Psychological diagnostics as a tool for building students of their own image // Systems Psychology and Sociology. 2021. № 1 (37). P. 39–49. DOI: 10.25688/2223- 6872.2021.37.1.3

Romanova Evgeniya Sergeevna, Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor. Head of the Department of General and Practical Psychology, Head of the Laboratory of Social-and-Psychological Researches in Education at the Institute of Special Education and Psychology of the Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia.

E-mail: RomanovaES@mgpu.ru

ORCID: 0000-0002-9032-6869

Abushkin Boris Mikhailovich, PhD in Psychology, Associate Professor. Associate Professor of the Department of General and Practical Psychology, Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Social and Psychological Research in Education, Institute of Special Education and Psychology of the Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia.

E-mail: AbushkinBM@mgpu.ru

ORCID: 0000-0002-7688-7395

  Просмотров: 427

UDC 159.9

DOI 10.25688/2223-6872.2021.37.1.2

SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF ROLE-BASED SOCIALIZATION

IN THE YOUTH ENVIRONMENT

F. Preuss,

EMAU, Greifswald, Germany,

franz@pruess.eu,

Yu. M. Perevozkina,

NSPU, Novosibirsk,

per@bk.ru

The article is devoted to the definition of aspects related to modern problems of conceptualization of socialization in general and role socialization of young people in particular. For this purpose, a system analysis of the problems of role theories is carried out, and then a discussion on how modern definitions of roles, role expectations and role conflicts resonate with empirical research is also carried out. From the point of view of the meta-system approach, role-based socialization can be represented as a system complex including three system formations: personality, culture, and society.

Based on the concepts of the meta-system approach and based on role theories, a system analysis of empirical studies of young people role socialization in four spheres of life: family, professional, informal contacts and intimate-sexual is made. The problems of role development in the sexual sphere are associated with double standards, blurred expectations in relation to gender identity. In the field of informal contacts, the interaction of young people is mostly mediated through social networks, which are a platform for mastering social roles. The article presents data on the influence of the attitude of young people to gender roles on the transformation of the contemporary family, the change in the role models of the family, which are closely correlated with the values of society. In the professional sphere, the role socialization of young people is considered through the relationship between the individual’s subjective expectations and beliefs about his role and how these beliefs affect his behavior at work.

The use of the meta-system approach allows us to consider changes in the perception and integration of roles by young people comprehensively, to analyze their relationship with role expectations and personal characteristics. This approach allows us to describe in detail the role-based socialization of young people not only in a meaningful way, but also in a procedural way. The model is relevant for various fields of research that uses the role construct.

Keywords: system analysis; meta-system approach; system complex; role; role-based socialization; spheres of life.

For citation: Preuss F., Perevozkina Yu. M. System analysis of role-based socialization in the youth environment // Systems Psychology and Sociology. 2021. № 1 (37). P. 28–38. DOI: 10.25688/2223-6872.2021.37.1.2

Preuss Franz, Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor. Professor at the Institute of Philosophy, Psychology and Pedagogy of the Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany.

E-mail: franz@pruess.eu

ORCID: 0000-0001-9433-2046

Perevozkina Yulia Michaylovna, PhD in Psychological Sciences, Professor. Head of the Department of Practical and Special Psychology of the Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia.

E-mail: per@bk.ru

ORCID: 0000-0003-4201-3988

  Просмотров: 385

UDC 159.9

DOI 10.25688/2223-6872.2021.37.1.1

EIDETIC IMAGE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SYSTEMS PSYCHOLOGY

B. N. Rizhov,

MCU, Moscow,

RyzhovBN@mgpu.ru,

O. V. Kotova,

MCU, Moscow,

KotovaOV@mgpu.ru

The article is devoted to the consideration of the mechanisms of the emergence of the eidetic image from the standpoint of system psychology, which allows us to offer a scientific interpretation of various forms and phenomena of eidetism based on a single theoretical basis. The purpose of the study is to describe the systemic unity of the formation of eidetic images under various conditions.

From the point of view of systems psychology, an eidetic image is a holistic and stable image of perception or representation held in memory. This phenomenon should be considered as an information system with fixed, non-changing connections, the main difference of which is significantly greater than in the corresponding population norm, the saturation of the elements that make up this system (image). The emergence of an eidetic image is associated with a combination of various individual and personal characteristics, from the psychophysiological characteristics of the body, to the motivation and development of the emotional and volitional sphere of a person.

A system-psychological analysis allows us to identify the following conditions for the formation of eidetic ability. The emergence of eidetic perception in childhood is caused by optimal development of the neurophysiological substrate of the psyche; less than an adult’s ability to form significant systemic connections in the formation of the image of perception; emotional lability of the child and the simplicity of developing an affective reaction in him to a relatively weak stimulus. The eidetism of a creatively gifted person is caused by the presence of innate extraordinary versative and ingenitive abilities; high index of social types of development motivation; experience of special emotional states when producing a creative product. The emergence of eidetism in mental illnesses is a consequence of a flash-like increase in the electrical activity of vast areas of the cortex and subcortical structures of the brain, providing a short-term generation of more nerve connections than it occurs during the normal brain operation.

The formation of quasi-aesthetic images is the result of chemical exposure. The interpretation of eidetism from the point of view of systems psychology opens up a new perspective for understanding this important psychological phenomenon, and also opens up additional opportunities for explaining main problems of developmental psychology and pathopsychology.

Keywords: systems psychology; system-psychological approach; eidetic image; quasi-eidetic image; eidetism phenomenon; eidetic perception; eidetic memory; emotional excitability; tension.

For citation: Ryzhov B. N., Kotova O. V. Eidetic image from the perspective of systems psychology // Systems Psychology and Sociology. 2021. № 1 (37). P. 5–27. DOI 10.25688/2223-6872. 2021.37.1.1

Ryzhov Boris Nikolayevich, Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor of the Department of General and Practical Psychology at the Institute of Special Education and Psychology of the Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia.

E-mail: RyzhovBN@mgpu.ru

ORCID: 0000-0001-8848-3622

Kotova Olga Viktorovna, Expert in the Laboratory of Social-and-Psychological Researches in Education at the Institute of Special Education and Psychology of the Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia.

E-mail: KotovaOV@mgpu.ru

ORCID: 0000-0002-4399-4274