SYSTEMS PSYCHOLOGY
AND SOCIOLOGY

    Views: 592

UDC 159.99

DOI 10.25688/2223-6872.2020.35.3.9

SYSTEM-PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE ISSUES OF PSYCHOLOGY OF AGING IN B. G. ANANYEV’S WORKS

V. V. Lemish,

Dostoevsky OmSU, Omsk,

verlem2004@yandex.ru

In the article the analysis of Ananyev`s theoretical ideas in the field of the psychology of aging having been developed within complex approach has been presented. It is shown that his methodology allows to overcome the difference between biological, psychological and social approach in the understanding and the explaining the specificity of human aging phenomenon. The idea of a human being as a complex multi level polysistem, including natural (individual) as well as social (personal and subjective) qualities, makes the direction of theoretical as well as empirical study of the character of the interaction between above mentioned structural elements integrated in the individuality. Ananyev determined the direction of mechanisms search, providing the psychological longevity on all the levels of human`s organisation. On the individual`s level these mechanisms are connected with specialities of the brain functioning character changes; in the developing of a personality the scientist stressed the important role of working activity and saving of social roles; on the level of individuality one of these mechanisms is reflection. Taking into consideration the fundamental law of development — the law of geterochronicity, having been revealed on the base of structural-genetical approach, Ananyev proved the principal possibility of different types of aging: convergent and divergent. At convergent variant ontogeny determines the personality development; at divergent variant — a life way resists the natural organism`s fading away. The result of divergent development is the possibility of personality`s save as well as its further development.

The important contribution of the scientist in the psychology of aging was the proving of qualitative methods of study using when studying the human`s life way as a personality and subject, meanwhile he used the biographical method allowing to reconstruct the inside world of a person, the specialities of his identity and self-regulation. It is shown that Ananyev`s ideas were empirically proved in the research of domestic and abroad psychologists.

Keywords: B. G. Ananyev; a human; multi level polysystem; complex method; system approach; the psychology of aging; types of aging; mechanisms of psychological longevity; biographical method.

For citation: Lemish V. V. System-psychological approach to the issues of psychology of aging in B. G. Ananyev’s works // Systems Psychology and Sociology. 2020. № 3 (35). P. 119–129. DOI: 10.25688/2223- 6872.2020.35.3.9

Lemish Vera Vasilievna, PhD in Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor. Associate professor at the Department of Social Work, Pedagogy and Psychology of the Dostoevsky Omsky State University, Omsk, Russia.

E-mail: verlem2004@yandex.ru ORCID: 0000-0001-7165-5248

References

1. Alexandrova M. D. Starenie cheloveka i ego individual`ny`e proyavleniya [Aging and its individual manifestations] // Vestnik SPbSU [Bulletin of St. Petersburg University]. 2014. Seria 16. № 2. P. 81–86.

2. Ananyev B. G. O problemah sovremennogo chelovekoznaniya [About the issues of modern human knowledge]. M.: Nauka, 380 p.

3. Ananyev B. G. Chelovek kak predmet poznaniya [A man as an object of knowledge]. 3rd ed. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2010. 282 p.

4. Baltes P. B. Vsevozrastnoj podhod v psihologii razvitiya: issledovanie dinamiki pod``emov i spadov na protyazhenii zhizni [The all-age approach in the psychology of development: a study of the dynamics of ups and downs throughout life] // Psihologicheskij Zhurnal [Psychological Journal]. 1994. Vol. 15. № 1. P. 60–78.

5. Zavialova I. Y. Aktualizaciya navy`kov refleksii v programme psihologicheskoj podderzhki [The reflection skills development by means of psychological support program] // Internet-Zhurnal «Mir Nauki» [Online Journal «World of Science»]. 2016. Т. 4. № 3. http://mir-nauki.com/PDF/07PSMN316.pdf (Accessed: 16.08.2020).

6. Goldberg E. Paradoks mudrosti. Nauchnoe oproverzhenie «starcheskogo slaboumiya» [The wisdom paradox. How your mind can grow stronger as your brain grows older]. Moscow: Generation, 2007. 384 p.

7. Zakharova I. A Kompensatorny`j potencial pri normal`nom i patologicheskom starenii [Compensatory Potential in Normal and Pathological Aging] // Sistemnaya Psihologiya i Sociologiya [Systems psychology and sociology]. 2013. № 7. P. 65–74.

8. Korzhova E. Yu., Lemish V. V. Vzaimodejstvie s zhiznenny`mi situaciyami i gerontokul`tura [Man’s interaction with real-life situations and cultural gerontology] // Psihologicheskie issledovaniya [Psychological studies]. 2014. Vol. 7 № 35. P. 10. URL: http://psystudy.ru (Accessed: 08.07.2020).

9. Korjova E. Yu., Verevkina A. B. Stanovlenie psihologii zhiznennogo puti lichnosti: zapadny`j i otechestvenny`j podho

life path psychology: western and russian approaches] // Sistemnaya Psihologiya i Sociologiya [Systems psychology and sociology]. 2019. № 3 (31). P. 18–25. DOI: 10.25688/2223-6872.2019.31.3.02

10. Lemish V. V. Gerontokul`tura: opy`t refleksivnogo analiza [Gerontology culture: the experience of reflexive analysis] // Vestnik Buryatskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Seria: Psihologiya, Social`naya Rabota [Bulletin of Buryat State University. Issue: Psychology, Social Work]. 2014. № 5. P. 55–59.

11. Le Shan E. Kogda vash vozrast svodit vas s uma [When your age drives you crazy]. St. Petersburg: Prime-EUROZNAK, 2009. 288 p.

12. Loginova N. A. Opy`t chelovekoznaniya: Istoriya kompleksnogo podhoda v psihologicheskih shkolah V. M. Bekhtereva i B. G. Anan`eva [The experience of human knowledge: The history of an integrated approach in psychological schools of V. M. Bekhterev and B. G. Ananyev]. St. Petersburg: The Publishing house of St. Petersburg university, 2005. 285 p.

13. Lomov B. F. O sistemnom podkhode v psihologii [On the systems approach in psychology] // Voprosy` Psihologii [Questions of Psychology]. 1975. Vol. 21. № 2. P. 31–45.

14. Lomov B. F. Metodologicheskie i teoreticheskie problemy` psihologii [Methodological and theoretical problems of psychology]. Moscow: The Publishing house «Science», 1984. 444 p.

15. Lomov B. F. Izbranny`e psihologicheskie trudy` [Selected psychological works]. 3rd ed. Moscow: The Publishing House of Moscow psychological and social Institute; Voronezh: MODEK, 2011. 423p.

16. Mishchykha L. P. Refleksiya kak sostavlyayushhaya tvorcheskoj samorealizacii lichnosti v period pozdnej vzroslosti [Reflection as a component of self-realization of the person in late adulthood] // Psihologiya Obucheniya [Psychology of Education]. 2014. № 8. P. 51–59.

17. Savkina I. L. «A starost` vot ona, ryadom»: reprezentacii starosti i stareniya v dnevnikah sovetskogo vremeni [«And old age is here, nearby»:

representations of old age and aging in diaries of the soviet era] // Shagi [Steps]. Т. 5. № 2. 2019. P. 188–210. DOI: 10.22394/2412-9410-2019-5-2-188-210.

18. Strizhitskaya O. Yu. Psihologiya pozitivnogo stareniya: usloviya, faktory` i social`ny`e e`ffekty` gerotranscendentnosti [The psychology of positive aging: conditions, factors and social effects of gerotranscendence: dis. … Dr. in Psychology Sciences]. St. Petersburg, 2018. 263 p.

19. Strizhitskaya O. Yu., Davydyuk E. P. Individual`no-psihologicheskie osobennosti kognitivny`h processov i psihologicheskie resursy` v pozhilom vozraste [Individual psychological characteristics of cognitive processes and psychological resources in old age] // Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta [Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Seria 12. Psychology. Sociology. Pedagogy]. 2013. № 2. P. 86–93.

20. Tumakova S. Y. Kriterii zavershennosti posttrudovoj adaptacii pensionerov [Criteria of completeness of pensioners' postworking adaptation] // Social`no-Gumanitarny`e Znaniya [Social and Humanitarian Knowledge]. 2018. № 6. P.301–306.

21. Firsova N. G. Osobennosti samoocenki lyudej pozhilogo vozrasta posle vy`hoda na pensiyu [The Features of self-assessment of elderly people after retirement] // Nauchny`e Vedomosti Belgorodskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Seriya: Gumanitarny`e Nauki [Scientific Bulletin of Belgorod State University. Seria: Humanities of Science]. 2012. № 24 (143). P. 218–225.

22. Kholodnaya M. A., Man'kovskii N. B., Bachinskaya N. Yu. and others. Svoeobrazie urovnevy`h, strukturny`h i stilevy`h harakteristik intellekta v pozhilom vozraste [The originality of level, structural and style characteristics of intelligence in old age] // Psihologiya Zrelosti i Stareniya [Psychology of Maturity and Aging]. 1998. № 2. P. 5–14.

23. Chuykova T. S., Polkina T. M. Izuchenie social`ny`h reprezentacij, svyazanny`h s vy`hodom na pensiyu: kross-kul`turnoe issledovanie [Social Representations of Retirement: Cross-Cultural Comparison] // Social`naya Psihologiya i Obshhestvo [Social Psychology and Society]. 2012. № 3. P. 89–102.

24. Shai K. U. Intellektual`noe razvitie vzrosly`h [Intellectual development of adults] // Psihologicheskij Zhurnal [Psychological Journal]. Vol.19. № 6. 1998. P.78–88.

25. Shapovalenko I. V., Obukhova O. B. Faktory` variativnosti kognitivny`h funkcij v srednej i pozdnej vzroslosti [The factors of variability of cognitive functions in middle and late adulthood] // Psihologiya Zrelosti i Stareniya [Psychology of maturity and aging]. 2008. № 4 (44). P. 42–61.

26. Brewster P. W. H. Life experience and demographic influences on cognitive function in older adults / P. W. H. Brewster et al. // Neuropsychology. 2014. Vol. 28. № 6. Р. 846–858.

27. Carstensen L. L., Hartel C. R. When I’m 64. Washington: National Academies Press, 2006. 268 p.

28. Chopik W. J., O’Brien E. Happy you, healthy me? Having a happy partner is independently associated with better health in oneself // Health Psychology. 2017. Vol. 36. № 1. P. 21–30.

29. Fisher Gw. G. Mental work demands, retirement, and longitudinal trajectories of cognitive functioning / Gw. G. Fisher et al. // Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 2014. Vol. 19. № 2. Р. 231–242.

30. Gerstorf D. Secular changes in late-life cognition and well-being: towards a long bright future with a short brisk ending? / D. Gerstorf et al. // Psychology and Aging. 2015. Vol. 30. № 2. Р. 301–310.

31. Hurlock E. B. Developmental psychology a life-span approach. New Delhi: Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing, 2016. 477 p.

32. James J. B., Matz-Costa Ch., Smyer M. A. Retirement Security: it’s not just about the money // American Psychologist. 2016. Vol. 71. № 4. Р. 334–344.

33. Lachman M. E., Agrigoroaei S. Promoting functional health in midlife and old age: long-term protective effects of control beliefs, social support, and physical exercise // Memory & Cognition. 2012. Vol. 40. № 2. P. 287–296. DOI: 10.3758/s13421-011-0140-x.

34. Lenehan M. E. Sending your grandparents to university increases cognitive reserve: the tasmanian healthy brain project / M. E. Lenehan et al. // Neuropsychology. 2016. Vol. 30. № 5. P. 525–531.

35. LeRoy A. S. Loneliness predicts self-reported cold symptoms after a viral challenge / A. S. LeRoy et al. // Health Psychology. 2017. Vol. 36. № 5. P. 512–520.

36. Phillips J. E. Key concepts in social gerontology / J. E. Phillips et al. SAGE, 2010. 249 p.

37. Pietromonaco P. R., Collins N. L. Interpersonal mechanisms linking close relationships to health // American Psychologist. 2017. Vol. 72. № 6. Р. 531–542.

38. Waiyavutti Ch., Johnson W., Deary I. J. Do personality scale items function differently in people with high and low IQ // Psychological Assessment. 2012. Vol. 24. № 3. P. 545–555.

39. Zahodne L. B., Stern Y., Manly J. J. Differing effects of education on cognitive decline in diverse elders with low versus high educational attainment // Neuropsychology. 2015. Vol. 29. № 4. P. 649–657.